Categorical Status of the Substantivized Participle of the German Language.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31558/1815-3070.2018.35.5Keywords:
substantivized Participle, syncretism, lexical semantic group, grammatical category, antroponomination, transpositionAbstract
The corpus of substantivized Participles of the modern German language is formed as the corpus of lexical and grammatical language units, specialized in some anthroponominations revealed in transferring and fixing of a certain quality of a person on its name through giving nominative grammatical categories of gender, number, case and definiteness / indefiniteness. As a result the categorical meaning of «quality» (adjective) becomes the categorical meaning of «thingness», «substantiality» (noun) which is not neutralized but merges into single lexico-grammatical hybrid. Such diffusion foresees the third semantic component of meaning ‒ «action»: the substantivized Participle can be characterized in categories of tense (modern / past), voice (active / passive), aspect (duration / completeness), transitivity / intransitivity. The Participle can also inherit such semantic features of the verb as performance, causality, intensity, diminutiveness, etc. In such a way the substantivized Participle becomes a syncretic lexical-grammatical class of words characterized by a set of grammatical categories summarily greater than in any other of three parts of speech involved in its creation with the expectedly less set of the subdued to this category grammemes: reduction of the gender paradigm (substantivized Participles of neutral gender are not productive), restriction in the creation of the degrees of comparison, absence of the meaning of future, etc. Thus the substantivized Participle of the German language becomes a striking example of ‘objectification of nonobjective’.References
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